1. What is crystal? That is high lead glass.
The composition of ordinary glass is silicon dioxide (SiO). Crystal is high-lead glass, or lead crystal glass, that is, 24% lead oxide PbO is added to ordinary glass. The international standard for the content of lead oxide PbO is 24%. At this time, the crystal properties of the crystal are the best. Compared with ordinary glass, it is mainly reflected in the specific gravity (heavy feel) and the refractive index (transparent. Color), high hardness (wear resistance).
24% lead oxide PbO lead glass can be made into high-grade high-quality lead glass artwork by refining, removing impurities, hand blowing, grinding and polishing, and fine carving. Light can be refracted into six colors through the carved facet.
2. 24% PbO: Marking of high quality high lead glass. Generally, non-brand crystal products do not meet this standard, only less than 10%, or simply do not contain lead oxide PbO. They are falsely called crystals, like some products from unknown small workshops.
3. Natural crystal: Natural block, only suitable for lovers of stone collection. The content of lead oxide PbO is usually 5% to 10%. It is a mineral raw material with a large content of impurities, which is not suitable for direct processing and manufacturing of high-quality glassware. Only after refining and adding lead oxide PbO, the content can reach 24%.
4. There are only strict concepts in the world:
Glass: Ordinary glass products.
Crystal: Both lead glass, or crystal, has a PbO content of 24%, which is an international standard. Due to technical and technological level reasons, there are few domestic lead glassware.
5. Confusion of concepts on the Chinese market: Businesses often pretend that transparent and translucent glass is crystal. On the domestic market, there is especially a K9 glass, which is an optical glass that looks very transparent and translucent. After cold processing and cold cutting, it can be used. It is cheap for handicrafts such as lettering and signboards. Its hardness is very low, and it feels light. It does not transmit color. Sometimes the outer surface can be sprayed with colors. The cost per kilogram is only more than 10 yuan. It does not contain PbO. Melt blown into glassware.
6. The concept of pure crystal: The lead glass when the content of lead oxide PbO reaches 24% cannot be understood as the content of 100% lead oxide PbO. Lead oxide PbO is a metal raw material, non-toxic. When the content is higher, it will lose the crystal clear quality. If it is higher or 100%, it is a metal product. No one wants it.
7. Only in large international factories can high-lead glass raw materials with lead oxide PbO content of 24% be smelted, plus a series of advanced hand-made, its brand products can be guaranteed.
8. How to identify crystal and glass: Only the products of large international brands and large factories can be guaranteed by quality and technology. In addition, the common method is used to distinguish:
(1) Listen to the sound. The sound you hear when you hit the vessel with your hands will be different. The sound of crystal products will be crisp and there will be a lingering sound after impacting like a metal, while the sound of glass products will be heavy and silent.
(2), 掂 weight. For two items of the same size, the crystal product is heavier than glass and the glass is lighter.
(3) Look at the refractive index. Under the same light, the refractive index of crystal products is higher than that of glass, which can transmit colorful rainbow light, and glass products do not produce colored light.
(4) Specific hardness. Crystal is harder than glass, so when you use the crystal to scratch the surface of the glass, you will leave a trace, but when you use the glass to scratch the crystal, there will be no trace.
9. The difference between handmade crystal and mechanism crystal:
Manual method: Lead glass is melted to a sticky state, and sometimes there are individual air bubbles. A piece of steel is picked up by one end of a long steel pipe, rotated, blown, shaped, cut, carved, polished, polished, etc. Production process fragment. Handicraft features: small output, high cost, each piece is unique, unique, limited, suitable for collection. Registered products can only be made by hand. Limited to high-end consumption and appreciation.
Mechanism: Lead glass is melted to a very thin state, and it is easy to remove air bubbles. Like water, it is poured into a mold, formed, cooled, and mechanically polished. This process is a mechanized production line, each product is produced in large quantities, the cost is low, and it is suitable for ordinary consumption. Can't make color registration products.
